The number of new cases of bladder cancer is increasing steadily. Of those who fall ill is 75 percent men and the disease is most common in older people. There is a clear link between smoking and bladder cancer, but smoking is not the only cause. Studies have shown that certain chemicals in industry may increase the risk of disease in those exposed to them in their work environment.

The urinary tract mucosa has the same all the way from the renal pelvis, down through the ureters into the bladder and urethra. Tumors can arise in the system, but it is most common tumors of the bladder. Next to the prostate cancer is bladder cancer the most common form of cancer of the urinary tract.

Symptoms
The most common and important symptom of bladder cancer is blood in the urine. Other symptoms may include having to urinate often, it hurts when urinating, or that the pain above the pubic bone. The symptoms are similar to those we have at a urinary tract infection.

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Operation
It is unclear whether borderline tumors can eventually develop into ovarian cancer, or if it’s a completely different disease. Borderline tumors are often malignant and have a good prognosis. Most cases of borderline tumors treated only surgically. If the woman wishes to preserve its ability to bear children, it can sometimes be enough to only the affected ovary is removed.

Patients with suspected ovarian cancer should always be operated on. The aim of surgery is to confirm the diagnosis and to see if the cancer has spread. The operation takes one, if possible, including the ovaries and uterus removed.

Aftercare
After the surgery is usually required further treatment in the form of chemotherapy. This treatment is given kurvis for about five months.

If you remove only one ovary and are of childbearing age is still a good chance of becoming pregnant.

Women who have had their ovaries removed in menopause unless they have already passed this stage.

For some women the loss of the uterus and ovaries, together with the knowledge that they can not bear children, a great sadness. For some it becomes a life crisis. Most people recover, however, a good quality of life. Some choose to adopt.

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Ovarian cancer is most common among women of 60-70 years, but the spread is large and the disease also occurs in younger people.

The cause of ovarian cancer is unclear. The number of ovulations during a woman’s lifetime considered significant. Women who had their first menstruation late or coming in early menopause, and women who have given birth too many children, have a reduced risk of developing ovarian cancer.

Symptoms of Ovarian Cancer
Ovarian cancer has an insidious course. The first signs that something is wrong can be larger stomach and diffuse abdominal discomfort such as nausea and pain. You may also have frequent urination because the urinary bladder is exposed to an increased pressure. If the pressure instead lies against the intestine, you may have a bowel movement more often than usual.

It is important to remember that even benign cysts can cause similar symptoms with a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen and pain in the abdomen.
Due to the weakening symptoms ovarian cancer is often detected late. The key is to take the symptoms seriously and to undergo a gynecological examination at uncertain upset stomach.

Ovarian cancer can spread to the other ovary, uterus, fallopian tubes, peritoneum of the pelvis and then to other organs. Cancer cells can also be via lymph and blood to spread to other parts of the body.

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Sometimes laparoscopic surgery, the so-called laparoscopy, in order to remove the large bowel. Studies show that patients recover faster after laparoscopic surgery than after traditional surgery, which is a very major surgery.

If the cancer is very far down in the rectal sphincter is removed and then made the same time a stoma surgery. In women sometimes the cancer grows toward the vagina and then it may be necessary to remove the back of the vagina with the rectum. If the cancer is locally in the intestinal mucosa and is removed in surgery, the risk of relapse is very low.

In case of surgery of rectal cancer can sometimes be difficult surgery to remove all the cancer cells. This situation encourages the introduction of these operations strailbehandla tumor to reduce the risk of relapse. Radiotherapy damage cancer cells and reduce tumor extent.

Radiation therapy, sometimes in combination with chemotherapy (chemo), can also be used to shrink the tumor before it is removed. Thus, one can achieve a more precise operation.

To further reduce the risk of relapse is sometimes used chemotherapy after surgery. The use of cytotoxic drugs depends on the type of tumor involved and in which the stage is located. An individual assessment is always done.

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There are great similarities between colon cancer and cancer of the rectum. The medical term is common: colorectal cancer. The colon does colon and rectum.

The colon is part of the digestive tract, where the food we eat is broken down into nutrients that the body can assimilate. Gastro-intestinal tract beginning with the mouth and continues with the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, colon, rectum and ending with the anal opening.

The causes of cancer of the colon or rectum are not completely known, but studies show that genetic factors play a certain role. There is also strong evidence that diet and lifestyle influence the risk of developing colorectal cancer.

There are certain intestinal disorders that increase the risk of colon cancer, including ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease. These diseases cause inflammation of the intestine and then formed an unusually large number of new cells. This inflammatory growth of cells may increase cancer risk.

Colon and rectal cancer is the third most common cancer in Sweden. Colon cancer is more common among women, while rectal cancer is more common among men. About half of all those who get bowel cancer are aged over 75 years.

The most important measure to reduce mortality from colorectal cancer is to detect the disease at an early stage.

Symptoms of colorectal cancer
Colon and rectal cancer usually give vague symptoms. The first sign may be the need to go to the toilet more often or less often than before. This may include diarrhea or constipation that does not go away. Blood and / or mucus in the stools, and pain during bowel movements, can be symptoms of cancer. Anemia, fatigue and weight loss may also be signs.

All these symptoms must be investigated, especially if they are new and you do not know them already. The symptoms can have causes other than cancer of the colon or rectum. For example, the pocket formations in the intestine, inflammation or hemorrhoids produce similar symptoms.

In approximately 20 percent of those with colon cancer is detected the tumor in acute visits for bowel obstruction, hemorrhage or bowel is ruptured.

Prevention of colorectal cancer
The causes of colorectal cancer are not fully known, and it is therefore difficult to give advice on prevention. New studies show that our eating habits influence the risk of developing gastrointestinal diseases, including cancer.

The best advice we can give today is to eat lots of fruits and vegetables, preferably several times a day. High-fiber foods are also good for us and are likely to prevent many diseases, including cancer. Daily exercise also has a preventive effect.

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When the tumor grows, it begins to compress other organs adjacent to the liver.
It then causes bloating and pain going back to the right shoulder.
Gradually, jaundice or jaundice develops.
The primary liver cancer is a tumor that begins in this organ.
It is often unique and large.
The secondary cancer is the development of metastases in the liver, spread of a cancer that started in another organ.
Metastases are often multiple and of varying size.

Causes
Alcoholism chronic, chronic viral hepatitis and diet base flour or peanuts, rich mycotoxins, are contributing factors of primary liver cancer.
But all the data are not yet known.

Treatment
Fatigue, diffuse back pain, pain radiating to the right shoulder, fever ranging between 37 ° and 38 ° C and a white of the eye that turns yellow are symptoms that warrant consulting a doctor.
The doctor makes a general clinical examination but focuses especially on palpation and percussion of the liver.
These are often routine blood tests that attract his attention.
The record includes a liver ultrasound, blood tests with the search for cancer specific markers and liver biopsy, which can see under a microscope the cancer cells.
An X-ray of the lung, a generalized scan, a bone scan is needed to measure the spread of cancer to other organs.

Where possible, totally or partially extracted the tumor.
You can live normally in the liver who had withdrawn from 3 / 4.
But if the tumor has spread throughout the liver or metastases exist, it is not possible to operate.
In this case, treatment consists of chemotherapy based on cytostatics, that is to say, toxic substances that poison the cancer cells.
They rarely Stems disease but alleviate symptoms for a while.
In some cases, we can remove the whole organ and transplant a new liver.
This method gives good results when a donor can be found in time and no metastases.

Evolution
The development of liver cancer depends on early diagnosis and severity of the tumor.
In most cases, the condition gradually worsens, and the liver stops working.
Often form metastases in the lungs and the abdominal cavity, which can be fatal.

Liver cancer is dangerous?
This is a very serious disease which untreated leads to death.
More treatment is early, the chances of cure.

How to prevent liver cancer?
We can reduce the risk by avoiding excess alcohol, hepatitis (beware injections contaminated needles), and eating only flour perfectly controlled.

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Symptoms
Nodule in the breast, breast deformity, skin irregularities, pain in the breast around the nipple eczema, sores around the nipple, discharge from the nipple, weight loss, fatigue, pallor.

Causes
The direct cause is unknown.
The risk of getting breast cancer increases with age, and whether other family members were suffering from the disease.
The risks are greatest when a woman is fertile for a long time, that is to say, if the period was very long in the first ovulation at menopause.
The breast would have a preventive effect.
The rate of the female hormone estrogen is probably important in the development of breast cancer.
Various environmental factors may play a role.

Treatment
If the tumor is small and shows no signs of extension, it is removed by an operation, which generally involves only part of the breast; sometimes the whole breast is removed.
Larger tumors that have spread to the lymph nodes around the breast are removed, and lymph nodes involved.
The operation is sometimes supplemented by radiotherapy, which destroys any remaining cancer cells.
Large tumors that have affected other organs (eg the other breast, liver, skeleton and lungs) can not be completely removed during surgery.
In these cases, treatment consists of radiotherapy, chemotherapy and sometimes hormone therapy.
Meanwhile, the patient receives drugs painkillers and treatments that can alleviate the symptoms.

If you feel a lump in the breast or distortion of the breast skin, you should consult your doctor.
You must also be examined by a doctor if fluid, blood or pus coming from the nipple, or if there are sores around it.
Similarly, if you have pain within.

The doctor examines your breasts for palpation and lymph nodes in the armpits, and the cavities above the clavicles.
It auscultates the heart and lungs.
Additional tests include mammography and fine needle aspiration biopsy, sometimes a thermography.
If it is a tumor, it is normally removed and the lymph nodes around the tumor during surgery.
After treatment, you will be monitored regularly.

What can we do it yourself?
You should regularly check your breasts, palpate them and watch them before a mirror.
This review is easier in the shower.
Lather well and you palpate the breasts in a systematic way.
It is important to review regularly, for example after each menstruation, in order to discover any changes.
The earlier breast cancer is found early and treatment is started, the greater the chance of recovery.

Evolution
Breast cancer usually develops from a lump in the breast, which at first does not cause pain.
Gradually, the tumor grows and sometimes sends extensions in nearby lymph nodes and sometimes also in other organs.
Sometimes the blood and fluid flow of the nipple, and you can have pain in the breast.
Weight loss, fatigue and pallor are common symptoms.
After treatment, there has been done, you can make a reconstruction of the breast plastic surgery.

Breast cancer is dangerous?
Today breast cancer is often discovered early through self examination and regular mammograms.
The treatments are also becoming more efficient and currently 60 to 70% of people with breast cancer are cured.
Still, it is sometimes fatal.

How to avoid breast cancer?
You can not prevent breast cancer, but if you examine your breasts regularly, you can discover the disease early and improve your chances of recovery.

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It is also surrounded by a liquid that forms a swelling, and the latter in turn increases the pressure on the brain, responsible for various disorders indirect.
Appear when symptoms such as headache, malaise, loss of balance and vision.
Seizures and behavioral changes sometimes occur.
Brain cancer takes many forms which have different names, depending on the cells that characterize the tumor.
Some brain tumors affect children, other young people, but most develop in the elderly and middle aged.
Cancer glioblastoma and astrocytes, is the most common form of brain cancer.
The tumor develops from the connective tissue supporting the nervous system, glial tissue.
Another type of brain tumor or cancer is medulloblastoma of the cerebellum.
It is especially common in children and progresses rapidly.

Causes
Brain cancer and caused by a rapid and unplanned growth of brain cells that damage healthy cells, but we do not know the cause of this phenomenon.

Treatment
Should consult their physician if persistent headaches and malaise, vomiting, sudden, impaired balance and vision, seizures.
The doctor examines the eyes, test reflexes, sensation, muscle strength, balance and coordination.
It requires an x-ray of the skull and an electroencephalogram (ECG) examination which measures the brain’s electrical activity.
The tomodensimetrie or scanner is now the procedure of choice for the diagnosis of a brain tumor, sometimes supplemented by nuclear magnetic resonance.

Treatment of base is the surgical removal of the tumor whenever possible.
It may be preceded by medical treatment to reduce swelling, or radiotherapy to contain the damage.
This is major surgery and difficult, which does not avoid the effects of the tumor, but has benefited from advances in medical imaging in recent years.
When surgery is not possible, or in addition to this, radiotherapy plays an important role in improving patient comfort, inhibiting the progression or complete response.
Chemotherapy is a significant back-up method, but uncomfortable.

Evolution
The speed of development of brain tumors depends on their type.
Gradually, as the size of the tumor, increased intracranial pressure, causing headache, malaise, blurred vision and balance.
It can also induce seizures and behavioral changes.
The subject is moving more slowly, hallucinations and altered mental status.
He eventually lost consciousness completely.

Brain cancer is dangerous?
Previously, brain cancer was always fatal.
Today, there are treatment options, and more and more patients survive and recover.

Progress
Pairing the scanner with computers capable of providing three-dimensional images allows the neurosurgeon to prepare his speech very carefully.
It can even simulate the operation several times on the screen.
The chances of success of the intervention improved significantly.

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Unfortunately, this condition does little symptoms until an advanced stage.
Testicular cancer is more common in young men but can occur at any age.
It affects every year about 3,100,000 men.

Causes
The causes of this condition are not known.
However, it was established that the risks are higher in men with one or both testicles are not descended into the scrotum (undescended) testes sometimes protrudes into the hollow of the groin, and then located more deep, hip or lumbar level.

Treatment
As soon as you detect any changes of the testes or reproductive tract, consult a doctor.
If the doctor suspects a tumor of the testis, it sends the patient to a surgeon.
The latter, to confirm the diagnosis, a biopsy, removal of some cells, studied under a microscope.
The presence of cancer cells leads to an immediate removal of the diseased testicle.
An additional work is to search for distant metastases and prescribe treatments.
The most common treatment is surgical: it consists of a removal of the diseased testicle.
The operation is performed under general anesthesia or under epidural.
When the cancer has already spread to the lymph nodes, the surgeon proceeds with the ablation.
The treatment also includes a therapy designed to destroy certain types of cancer cells.
When cancer has spread to the lungs or to the liver, the doctor prescribed cytostatic drugs which kill the cells.
This therapy is associated with side effects: nausea, hair loss.

Evolution
The evolution of the disease varies greatly from one individual to another.
In most cases, testicular cancer is detected after an enlargement of a testicle, the stock market feels heavy.
The patient feels very tired, he loses weight and her appetite decreases.

Testicular cancer is dangerous?
Like all cancers, the disease can be fatal, but if the intervention is early, the chances of recovery are available.

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If you have been diagnosed breast cancer, please take immediate action! Care or treatment delay can be fatal.

The most advanced treatments known for treating breast cancer currently include:

1) Treated with surgery
Malignant tumors or cancers are usually removed through surgery to prevent it from spreading throughout the body. It is the most common and preferred because it has minimal side effects. Surgery is also performed once and is one thing, which means no more surgery is needed unless the problem persists.

2) Chemotherapy
This treatment is used in the middle stages of cancer from 3 to 6 months. It is also the preferred treatment, since it is considered the most effective method of eliminating cancer cells. However this is not generally liked by patients because it has harmful side effects over the long periods. The use common side effects that arise due to chemotherapy ranges from mild side effects include abdominal pain and libido loss of serious side effects includes memory loss long short term, hypertension and pneumonia.

3) Treatment of radiation (radiotherapy)
Radiation therapy is usually performed after surgery to remove the cancer. This is done to remove microscopic tumors that are not removed during surgery. It can be delivered either internally or by an external beam. It is also common to perform radiation therapy after surgery, because it can provide a higher success rate of no recurrence of cancer.

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