But instead of focusing on skin cancer, discussions with young patients should focus on how exposure to ultraviolet rays can damage the appearance of the skin, advised the working group.

“We do not tell young people to avoid sun exposure and indoor tanning to prevent skin cancer, because that message does not work,” said Dr. Virginia Moyer, president of the USPSTF and Professor of Pediatrics College of Medicine Baylor, in Houston.

“That is the goal, but the message that works is to use the appearance-based counseling,” he said.

Since so far most of the research is based on fair-skinned people, who are at increased risk of skin cancer, these new recommendations apply only to them, the authors noted.

Instead of just talking to these patients about the risk of skin cancer should be informed that sun exposure leads to disfigurement of the skin. “You end up with a wrinkled and leathery skin,” said Moyer.

“If the audience that is trying to reach young people whose concerns about skin cancer is not high, then a more efficient way of transmitting the message is talking about the more immediate effects such as skin damage,” he said.

For example, physicians can show patients photographs of skin taken with UV cameras to show the damage that UV rays can cause.

The recommendations appeared online May 8 in advance of its publication in the print edition of the July 3 issue of the Annals of Internal Medicine.

Specifically, physicians should counsel children, adolescents and young adults 10 to 24 years who have fair skin and no history of skin cancer on the prevention of skin cancer. Have skin, hair and eyes increases the risk of skin cancer, as well as excessive exposure to ultraviolet rays at an early age, say the recommendations.

Each year, skin cancer affects more than two million Americans, according to background information in the USPSTF.

This recommendation is a change from the previous statement of the group, noting that the evidence was sufficient to make a recommendation at that time, Moyer said.

“We now have enough solid data showing that counsel adolescents and young adults with light skin avoid exposure, using the appearance-based counseling, work,” he said.

Moyer said the early skin damage is a precursor to skin cancer later in life. “By the time people are concerned about the risk of skin cancer, it is too late. The damage is done,” he said.

The appearance-based counseling given by physicians can change behavior, said Moyer. “It must be part of routine screening for people with fair skin,” he added.

Right now, there is insufficient evidence to recommend advice to adults about the dangers of UV exposure, the report noted.

Dr. Jeffrey Salomon, an assistant clinical professor of plastic surgery at the Faculty of Medicine, Yale University, said he is not convinced that counseling children is enough to get into the habit to protect themselves from UV exposure.

“Change the behavior of people is always a challenge,” he said. Counseling and campaigns in the media are not enough. These changes should be taught early, said Salomon.

In Australia, schools have an integrated program on sun protection, a major campaign in the media and the widespread availability of clothing and other products for sun protection, he said. And yet, studies show that even in Australia, the country with the highest incidence of skin cancers dangerous, media advertisements have only short-term benefits to get people to comply, he said.

“I think parents have a clear responsibility to protect children from known increased risk of cancer: the sun,” said Salomon.

He noted that parents make their children wear bicycle helmets and seatbelts, and not leave them alone.

“If children are smeared with sunscreen and are not out in the noonday sun that ultimately appears to be normal and prudent,” he said Salomon.

The findings come from a study of nearly 4,300 employees of Texas cities whose daily travel time compared to your chances of having multiple health risk factors.

“Previous studies have reported sedentary behavior, such as watching television, and the total time spent in driving,” said study lead author Christine Hoehner, assistant professor of the Division of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Washington University in St. Louis. “But we wanted to look specifically at the distance of displacement, since it is an important part of the daily routine of people.”

“What we found … is that long journeys can decrease exercise and is associated with hypertension, increased weight and fitness levels generally lower,” said Hoehner. “This could make much sense, because it is extremely intuitive. But anyway suggests that longer trips are actually affecting the health of people.”

The findings appear in the June issue of the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.

According to investigators, the number of employees who drive to work in a private car more than doubled between 1960 and 2000, from over 41 million to nearly 113 million. The average distance traveled to get to work has also increased in recent years, from just over 14 kilometers (about 9 miles) in 1983 to more than 19 kilometers (over 12 miles) in 2001, the researchers said.

The new study focused on adult Texans living in areas of Dallas / Fort Worth or Austin.

No participant had a history of heart attack, stroke (CVA) or diabetes, or was pregnant. They all had jobs that required some kind of displacement.

Sometime between 2000 and 2007, all participants underwent comprehensive medical examination, including treadmills races designed to evaluate heart and lung fitness. They also reported their daily level of exercise during the three months preceding the study.

The team found that people with longer trips also tended to exercise less than those short trips. They also had lower levels of cardio respiratory fitness, body mass index (a measure of body fat based on height and weight) higher, wider waist and a higher blood pressure.

Specifically, the movement of 16 KM (10 miles) or more was associated with higher levels of blood pressure, while those of 24 KM (15 miles) or more were associated with higher odds of obesity and less likely to comply with the recommendations physical activity public health, the team found.

These trends did not disappear even after the researchers took into account the time spent exercising, suggesting that something in the movement itself (in addition to its impact on declining rates of exercise) that is harmful to cardiovascular health.

“This would suggest that long-distance drivers burn less calories overall, even if they do the same amount of exercise that driving shorter distances,” said Hoehner. “Even if we measure it, stress is also a possible mechanism, especially if they do face movements of traffic congestion.”

What can you do? “People can move closer to work or change jobs … which means to travel by car is different from other types of sedentary behavior [unhealthy] that are modifiable, such as watching television,” Hoehner said.

“The message is that people must find creative ways to include physical activity into your day,” she said. “And that could be as simple as walking more, whenever you can. That could be feasible if the offices foster physical activity breaks during the day and perhaps even flexible hours so that people can go to work outside peak hours “.

One expert said that attitude is important to increase exercise rates.

For busy people “the key is that exercise not intimidated,” said Dr. Bryan Henry, professor of medicine at the Medical Center of the University of Minnesota in Rochester, New York.

“After an hour a shift from work to home, no one jumps to an elliptical,” lamented Henry. “But a few short periods of exercise can work. That could mean more walking from the car park or hike 10 minutes whenever possible. This can easily accumulate the equivalent of a brisk walk of 40 minutes.”

The findings will be presented this week at the International Congress of Endocrinology, carried out in conjunction with the European Congress of Endocrinology in Florence, Italy.

“The prevalence of type 2 diabetes increases globally, and becomes a global pandemic,” he said in a news release from the European Society of Endocrinology (European Society of Endocrinology) study leader Lina Radzeviciene, Lithuanian University Health Sciences. “It seems to be related to an interaction between susceptible genetic and environmental factors. It is important to identify modifiable risk factors that could help people reduce their chances of developing the disease.”

Although the study found an association between eating quickly and the incidence of diabetes did not demonstrate a cause and effect.

Because this study was presented at a medical meeting, its data and conclusions should be considered preliminary until published in a peer-reviewed journal.

Participants talked about themselves showed signs of activity in brain areas that relate to the courage and motivation, said Diana Tamir, lead author of a study in this week’s edition of Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.

“This helps explain why some people so obsessively involved in this behavior. It is because they provide some support in a subjective value. Basically, it feels good,” said Tamir, a graduate student Laboratory of Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Harvard University.

In fact, researchers found that regions of the brain that are activated when talking about oneself are also responsible for the thrill with food, sex, money and drug addiction, said Tamir.

The findings are merely a scientific curiosity, Tamir said, if one takes into account the amount of time people spend talking about her. One estimate suggests that between 30 and 40 percent of what a speaker has to do with you.

“Sharing information about oneself is a conduct that we all do all the time, day in and does the other. When you talk to people often talk about themselves,” said Tamir. “On Twitter and Facebook, people mainly published information about what they think and feel at the moment. This is proof of why we do it”.

In the study, Tamir and a colleague conducted several experiments with subjects whose brains were scanned while they were asked to do several things.

In one experiment 78 participants alternated between disclosing there own opinions (on things like whether they preferred coffee or tea) and judging the opinions of others while viewing your photos.

In another experiment, 117 people alternated between talking about personality traits (among other things, stating whether they were “curious” or “ambitious”) and U.S. President. States then either George W. Bush or Barack Obama.

The researchers found that certain parts of the brain were activated more when people talk about themselves. In terms of monetary value, participants valued being able to share a thought about a penny, said Tamir. “In English, we have a saying which offers one cent per share what you think.”

So why encourage the evolution of humans to feel good when they talk about themselves? “We’re doing some tests to see what more general role might this conduct, if the motivation of individuals to make personal revelations changes depending on their motivations to link up with someone,” Tamir raised. “Some studies show that the more we disclose about ourselves to someone, the better we like and like us better. Perhaps it has something to do with the formation of social bonds.”

Paul Zak, the brain researcher and founding director of the Center for Neuroeconomicos of Claremont Graduate University, said the findings are “very convincing” and provide information on the evolution of humans.

“If a social creature divulged no information, then other creatures could stop interacting with it,” he asked. “Animals do with smells and movements, and human language. This study reveals how our brains evolved to encourage sociability, which is pretty cool.”

The study on the “hedonic hunger” was small with only eight participants and the authors acknowledge that their findings are preliminary.

However, they believe they have identified a physiological link between indulgence with food far beyond the point of “necessity” and reactive increase caloric levels of two key chemicals.

One of the compounds is gremlin, a hormone produced in the stomach that helps regulate the reward and motivation. The other is a compound known as “2-AG” (2-arachidonylglycerol), which is related to the appetite.

“It’s a very interesting study,” said Joe Vinson, a chemistry professor at the University of Scranton in Pennsylvania. “It involves the psychology of the brain, as well as biochemistry. And yes, it is entirely likely that this type of chemical control may occur in the brain want a food with a particular type even though the person is full.” Vinson did not participate in the study.

“Here they are talking about Darwinian evolution,” said Vinson. “We are programmed to fill in case food is scarce then. And when you join this biochemist with an environment where food is cheap, available and often provided in huge portions, basically everything is against us. Not eat at excess becomes very difficult. ”

The study, led by Dr. Palmiero Monte Leone, the department of psychiatry at the University of Naples SUN in Italy, appears in the June issue of the Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism.

The authors said that the idea of eating mainly for fun, rather than eat to survive (known as “homeostatic hunger”), is relatively new. Most of the history of mankind has focused on the basic struggle to collect enough food, giving rise to a complex system of physiological and psychological impulses that control the way in which humans deal with food.

The research team noted that these impulses are very effective despite a modern overabundance of food.

To explore how the traditional hunger manifests itself in the modern world, Monte Leone and colleagues focused on five women and three healthy men 21 to 33 years of age. None of the participants were overweight or obese, and all were free of any dietary problem behavior or binge eating.

Each participated in two feeding trials with an interval of one month. On both occasions, participants first consumed a 300 calorie breakfast consisting of 77 percent carbohydrates, 10 percent protein and 13 percent fat.

After each meal, participants rated their level of hunger while waiting to pass an hour. At that time offered to all who had already established that it was his favorite meal, a meal that would like to eat even after feeling full.

For five minutes, only allowed participants to see or smell their favorite foods. In that period, were asked to describe how hungry they had, how much momentum had to eat the food and how much thought eating.

The second test was similar, except this time it gave participants an article unappetizing, for example a combination of bread, milk and butter, which contained exactly the same nutrients and calories that section of the first test tasty.

The result was that despite a general feeling of satiety after breakfast, participants said that their drive to eat and how much they thought were significantly higher before eating your favorite food, compared with the unappetizing meal.

In addition, blood tests revealed that when participants ate their favorite food, blood levels of the hormone gremlin increased significantly and remained high for up to two hours.

In contrast, gremlin levels decreased gradually after eating the nutritional equivalent unappetizing article.

The levels of the compound 2-AG decreased after eating both favorite foods as unappetizing. However, 2-AG levels remained much higher (for up to two hours) after exposure and favorite food consumption in relation to the levels seen with food underdog.

“The physiological process underlying hedonic eating is not fully understood,” Monte Leone said in a news release from the journal. But he suggested that “understanding the physiological mechanisms underlying this feeding behavior may shed some light on the obesity epidemic.”

But many people do not realize that they are at risk for hypertension, according to the American Heart Association and American Stroke Association (American Stroke Association).

As part of the American Stroke Month in May, experts in the heart and describe the major stroke risk factors for high blood pressure or hypertension.

Family history: If you’re parents or a close relative had hypertension, you are also at risk for the condition. A good idea is to investigate your family’s medical history to see if your family has high blood pressure.

An elderly: As people age, have an increased risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This is because blood vessels lose their flexibility with age, leading to an increasing pressure on the cardiovascular system.

Sex: Men are more likely than women to develop hypertension until age 45. Between 45 and 50, and 55 and 64, the risk of hypertension is more or less the same for men and women. After 64, women are much more likely to have hypertension than men.

Be inactive: Sitting too long at the desk or couch increases the risk for hypertension. Regular exercise is a natural way to reduce it.

Excess salt: The salt holds excess fluid in the body, so you can build up and overload the heart, increasing the risk of hypertension. Keep sodium intake less than 1,500 milligrams a day.

Being overweight or obese: Watch your weight. If you are overweight, losing just 4.5 and 9 kilos (10 to 20 pounds) can help reduce blood pressure.

Excessive drinking: A regular high intake and alcohol can lead to a dramatic increase in blood pressure and cause heart failure, stroke and cardiac arrhythmias. If you drink alcohol, limit consumption to no more than two dry.

The teen birth rate has fallen 44 percent since 1990 to 34 births per thousand women. In 2010, about 368.000 babies born to teen mothers according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC).

“We know that there have been declines in teen pregnancy, which is wonderful and increased abstinence among teens, which is also wonderful,” said report author Crystal Tyler Pirtle, health scientist at CDC. “It has also been an increase in contraceptive use.”

Tyler said there had been a decline of 16 percent in adolescents who claim to be sexually active. “Most teens report that they have never had sex,” he said.

To keep teen pregnancy rates declining, young people and their doctors should discuss the delay of sexual intercourse, recommended Tyler. “It would be great if teens know that most teens have never had sex,” he added.

Even sexually active adolescents may be advised to stop having sex, Tyler scored.

Tyler also said he believes that doctors have become less adverse to offer advice on contraception to adolescents. “They feel more comfortable than before by providing information about contraception,” he said.

The new findings appear in the May 4 issue of the Journal of the CDC’s Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report.

Using data from the National Survey of Family Growth, researchers found that about 60 percent of sexually active teens reported having used effective contraception. Contraceptives including IUDs, implants, pills, patches, rings or inject able contraceptives.

This represents a 47 percent increase in contraceptive use since 1995, the researchers said.

The researchers found that contraceptive use varied by race and ethnicity. More white teens (66 percent) than blacks (46 percent) or Hispanic (54 percent) were using contraception.

Although these findings are considered as progress in reducing teen pregnancy rates, meeting the Healthy People 2020 goal of reducing teen pregnancy rates by ten percent will require “a comprehensive approach to sexual and reproductive health including the promotion of delayed sexual initiation and more highly effective contraceptive use among sexually experienced adolescents, “the CDC said.

However, “we are on track to meet that goal,” said Tyler.

Dr. Lawrence Friedman, director of adolescent medicine at the Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, said that “its good news that more young people are using contraceptives when they are sexually active and that younger people delay the onset sexual activity.”

However, Friedman does not believe that the apparent decline in sexual activity means that teens are having less sex, but may have less sex. “So this does not indicate that teens are actually less sexually active, but they can choose the sex,” he said.

The fact that the pregnancy rate has declined could mean that fewer teens have sex, but maybe more teens choosing oral sex or mutual masturbation instead of intercourse, said Friedman.

Other studies had shown that physical activity combined with the mental exercise help in preventing the loss of memory and the novelty is that it is a synergy between computer activities and moderate physical activity in protecting the brain function in people over 70 years.

The researchers studied the cases of 926 people Olsmstead County, Minnesota, USA, who completed a questionnaire about their exercise and the use of computers in the year preceding the interview.

In this case, moderate exercise was defined as a brisk, long walks, aerobic routines, strength exercises, but without the golf cart, swimming, doubles tennis, yoga, martial arts, exercise machines and lifting weights.

The activities included were considered mentally stimulating reading, arts and crafts, computer use, card games and musical instruments, artistic and social activities and watch less television.

Among these actions, the study looked in particular the use of computer due to its increasing popularity, said study author Yonas Geda, a medical scientist at the Mayo Clinic in Scottsdale, Arizona.

The U.S. population had a strong growth after the Second World War and until 1964 and that so-called “boom generation” is now entering old age, “thereby projecting huge increases in the prevalence of senile dementia,” said Geda .

“Given the frequent use of the computer has become increasingly common among all age groups, it is important to examine how it relates to aging and dementia,” he added.

The study examined exercise, computer use and relationship to neurological risks such as mild cognitive impairment, which is the intermediate stage between normal memory loss and early Alzheimer’s disease.

Among study participants who did not exercise or using the computer, 20.1% had a normal cognitive level and 37.6% showed signs of mild cognitive impairment. That lie between the volunteers who did both, 36% had a normal level, and 18.3% showed signs of mild impairment.

COPD is a progressive disease that has to do with bronchitis and emphysema, which is often associated with smoking, and breathing difficult patients.

The new study included more than 1,600 U.S. patients with COPD States, And Spain who were followed for a mean of 51 months. The findings were published online May 4 in advance of the print edition of the American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine.

The researchers looked at 79 health problems in patients with COPD and found that “12 were related significantly and independently associated with an increased risk of death,” he said in a news release from the American Thoracic Society (American Thoracic Society) the study’s lead author, Dr. Miguel Divo, MD Division of Pulmonary and Critical Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

The twelve conditions were lung cancer, pancreatic cancer, esophageal cancer, breast cancer, pulmonary fibrosis, atrial fibrillation or atrial flutter, congestive heart failure, the coronary artery disease, gastric ulcers or duodenal, liver cirrhosis, diabetes with neuropathy, and anxiety.

Overall, the average number of other health conditions per patient was six. The average number of other health problems was 6.5 among patients who died, and 5.8 among those who survived, the researchers found.

Evaluate and treat patients with COPD for these other conditions may help improve survival, scored Divo, who is also professor of medicine at the Medical School of Harvard University.

Although the study found an association between mortality rates and higher co-existing health problems in patients with COPD, did not prove a causal relationship.

About one in every 25 Americans is a cancer survivor. “Many wonder how they can prevent the cancer coming back,” said Colleen Doyle, director of nutrition and physical activity of the cancer society.

It is often advised to take cancer survivors healthy behaviors such as eating lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains and lean protein, including walking or other aerobic activity most days of the week, and keep the weight on the normal range, said Doyle.

Research has shown that these measures may help prevent cancer but little research showed that a healthy lifestyle could prevent the cancer recurs or cancer survivors from contracting with a new type of the disease, he said.

But a review of recent scientific evidence allowed a panel of cancer experts to conclude that such measures could help prevent the return of cancer.

“Last time we published recommendations for the survivors was in 2006, and we believe that there was sufficient evidence to clearly ensure that monitoring weight, being active and eating a healthy diet may reduce the risk of recurrence,” said Doyle, co-author of the guidelines. “Since then, a hundred studies have looked at the impact of weight, diet, or a combination of those things, and these studies have clearly formed a basis for us to make these recommendations so solid that adopting a healthy lifestyle is one of the most important things that cancer survivors can do to help themselves. ”

The recommendations were published online April 26 issue of the journal CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians.

Among the recommendations:

• Lose weight if overweight or obese may help prevent recurrence and the development of new cancers. Obesity is associated with several cancers, including malignancies of breast, colorectal and gallbladder.
• Exercise is “safe and feasible” for the treatment of cancer, and may also improve physical functioning, fatigue and quality of life. People who undergo chemotherapy or radiation therapy may have to reduce the intensity, but should strive to keep all physical activity as possible. People who were sedentary before diagnosis may begin with low intensity exercise such as stretching or walking short and slow.
• The results of observational studies suggest that diet may affect cancer progression, the risk of recurrence and survival in individuals treated for cancer. It was found that a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, poultry and fish was associated with reduced mortality, compared to a diet rich in refined grains, red and processed meats, desserts and dairy products high in fat.
• There is no evidence to show that supplements benefit cancer survivors, and there is some evidence that certain supplements may be harmful.

Dr. Stephanie Bernik, chief of surgical oncology at Lenox Hill Hospital in New York City, said that the guidelines support what oncologists have told patients for years, and the fact that the American Cancer Society supports this advice is an important step.

After a cancer diagnosis, adopt a healthy lifestyle can also help people regain a sense of control, Bernik said.

“When you have cancer the disease takes control of life. Have to go through treatment, and one feels that it governs life,” he said. “After you’ve finished, it’s good when you feel you can regain control.”

But nothing is certain, “and needless to say,” said Bernik. “But knowing you’re doing something to prevent the return of the cancer helps emotionally.”

People diagnosed with cancer are at significantly higher risk of developing other cancers, and may be at increased risk for other chronic conditions such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes and osteoporosis, said Nagi Kumar, director of cancer chemoprevention Moffitt Cancer Center Tampa, Florida.

“Now, many survivors do not die of cancer,” said Kumar. “They will have problems with obesity, metabolic syndrome and other diseases that are common in the U.S… And this group is a little more vulnerable.”

After months of treatment, it is important that cancer survivors working to regain strength and improve your aerobic capacity.

“It’s really important to be obsessive about what they do to help themselves,” he said Nagi. “Give all you have: do yoga, become flexible, walk, eat well. Become very obsessive about what goes into your body.”