Urinary stones, nephrolithiasis, come in the form of stony concretions.
They can form at any level in urine.
Then they block the normal drainage of urine and cause damage, inflammation and infection.
Calculations are made of organic and inorganic substances.

Their size ranges from sand grain to the stone several inches in diameter.
They appear when the salts and minerals in the urine form crystals.
These crystals normally removed in the urine, sometimes attach to the wall failure, or lodge in an area that prohibits their disposal in the urine.
They then give rise to stony concretions.


Causes
In 90% of cases, it is impossible to determine the origin of kidney stones.
Their training is usually the result of the action of several factors in an individual with a fertile ground.
They appear more often in middle age and are three times more common in men than in women.
The presence of kidney stones may be linked to hereditary disorders such as gout, or metabolic disorders affecting the intestines or kidneys.
They are more common among people in hot countries.
Being bedridden, excessive loss of fluids due to perspiration, consumption of water or insufficient diet rich in proteins promotes the formation of stones.
Certain metabolic disorders and diseases related to an excessively high content of calcium in the blood (for example, a type of cancer called multiple myeloma, or a hormonal disorder, hyperparathyroidism) cause the appearance of calculations.
The abuse of baking soda, supplements calcium, and other drugs may also promote the formation of stones.
The same applies to infections of the urinary tract that limit the discharge of urine.

Treatment
Some silent calculations are eliminated without the patient realizing it.
Other causes severe pain but managed nevertheless to be evacuated.
In case of severe pain, consult your doctor but in case of cloudy and smelly urine, fever, chills, feeling faint.
The doctor makes a thorough examination that includes blood tests and urine tests and x-ray and ultrasound of the kidneys and urinary tract to locate the calculations.
Depending on their nature, the doctor may prescribe medications that alter the composition of the urine.
But the calcium stones (to Basic calcium) can be dissolved only by the following techniques.
If the calculation is in the lower urinary tract, it is sometimes possible to extract it using a basket catheter.
If located above, we then resort to surgery.
The last technique is widely lithotripsy.
It allows the ultrasonic disintegration of the calculations which can then be easily eliminated through the urine.

What can we do it yourself?
Evacuation of a calculation, we must try to recover it for it to further analysis.
In most cases, kidney stones are recurring and preventive treatment according to its nature.
However, the act of drinking heavily helps fight against the emergence of new calculations especially in the presence of gout or a breeding ground for the formation of uric acid stones.

Evolution
The formation of a multi-year calculation.
It usually goes unnoticed until it reaches a size that can cause pain, but intense, is usually intermittent.
The pain comes on the back or side.
It is sometimes accompanied by fever, nausea and a cloudy urine or hematuria (blood in urine).
The calculations are small enough to pass through the urinary tract are usually expelled within a day or two.
Otherwise they are extracted by other means.
To the extent that this disease is recurrent, it is important to determine the nature of the calculations to take the necessary preventive measures.

Kidney stones are dangerous?
Untreated, they can cause infection and inflammation of the kidneys and other organs of the urinary tract.
In severe cases, they cause kidney damage, irreversible.

How to avoid kidney stones?
You must drink plenty, especially in the presence of a disease linked to kidney stones.
It is sometimes recommended to limit intake of protein, calcium and salt.

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